Tuesday, April 24, 2012

Language Blog


      In the part of the experiment that I was supposed to engage without verbal communication, I found it very difficult. I actually tried this part of the experiment with two different cultures. In the first fifteen minutes I had my partner engage with me in English and I found it extremely hard with just hand gestures to make a point, the conversation pretty much ended as soon as it began. The second part I actually had my friend speak another language and I found that languages from the Middle East were much easier to communicate with hand gestures. My friend spoke to me in Farsi and it was easier for me to keep the conversation going. I never realized that when I speak a different language, how much hand gestures I used. My partner’s reaction in the whole process was that of boredom and frustration. He was bored because I was making him help me, and frustrated because through the process it was hard to keep the conversation going. If I was put into a culture that had no verbal communication, I think that puts that individual into a disadvantage. I noticed without any verbal communication that you can only express basic communication functions. Complex ideas would be extremely difficult to express in a situation where verbal communication was not an option. I started thinking about all the people that come to the United States and can not speak the language. Usually these people have a much more difficult time trying to adjust to a new culture. For example, when someone who speaks English to another person who doesn't, and they see that the next person is not understanding, they usually speak in a higher volume, as to assume that the volume of the words would some how make the next person understand. It generally puts the next person in a category of an invalid.

       The second part of this experiment was the opposite of the first one. I found that when I spoke in English without hand gestures it was much easier than speaking in Persian. In English I was able to go the complete fifteen minutes but in Farsi I was getting frustrated that I could not use hand gestures. My partner did not mind in the English speaking part of the experiment but he seemed visually frustrated at the second part of the experiment. I feel that hand gestures and body language is an important part of communicating with another person. Without certain body languages, certain words can be misrepresented in your speech. I believe there are a lot of people that can't read body language. Also it depends heavily on the culture on how body language is interpreted. For example, In the United States when you are angry and want to physically show your anger, you would generally extend your middle finger. In the opposite if you wanted to show someone they did a good job, you would give a thumb up. People from Iran, that did not know the language, would understand the thumbs up as exactly the middle finger. I think to understand body language in communication is very important and helps to express exactly what you want.

      If I was allowed to communicate in writing in the first experiment, I think it would have been much easier. I would have been able to write down exactly what I was showing with my body language. Even if one word answers were allowed to be written the conversation would have been much more interesting. The main advantage for writing, in any culture, is expression. With writing any culture can save their ideology, belief system, and anything that concerns a certain group of people. The impact of writing has been greatly influential on globalization. The ideas that have been saved through writings and translated through different cultures have been the greatest tool for spreading different ideas. The Bible is the biggest proof of that, throughout the years it has been translated to every known language. It has helped to progress to Judea-Christian belief to different nations.

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Zulu and Andean Indians

The Zulu

1)     The Zulu Nation of South Africa primarily lives in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, which is between the Indian Ocean and the Drankensberg Mountain range. It is an agriculture fertile region with the summer season being it’s most productive. The summer season lasts from October to April and the winter season is from June to August. The capital of KwaZulut-Natal is Durban and it is hailed as being sunny 320 days out of the year. The temperature between the summer months stays within 73.4 degrees F. (23 degrees C.) and 91.4 degrees F. (33 degrees C.). January within the region is considered the hottest month. The annual rainfall reaches 1,000 mm in KwaZulu-Natal. The province is a subtropical climate, where water temperature usually maintains at 62.6 degrees F. (17 degrees C.).

 2)     While looking into the Zulu of South Africa, I was unable to find any information on this exact group of people or their physical adaptations. However, with further research I was able to find information about certain regions of Africa and the physical adaptations of people living within those warm climate regions. The people, who live within a region that will see a lot of Sun and harmful U.V rays, generally tend to be darker in skin, to protect against harsh light. Also, long linear body builds seem to correlate with hot climates. A group constantly exposed to the Sun would lose a lot of water through sweating, but in warmer climates the inhabitants do not urinate as often as people in colder climates. Their bodies seem to be reserving the water. This would be the physical adaptation the human body would go through being exposed to sun 320 days a year.

3)      The iQukwane (Zulu Huts) is a great example of cultural adaption. The constant severe heat has given birth to its architecture. Traditional iQukwane are made of grasses (Hyparrhania hirta and Black Wattle Acacia) that are used for the walls, it is wrapped together using Natal Fig Ficus Natalensis. Rock Alder Canthium Mundanium tree trunks are used to create the center pole that is placed in the middle which supports the entire structure. The floors are made with a mixture of cow dung and termite mounds. All these materials, especially the cow dung floors help to maintain a cool temperature throughout hot days.




4)  If I were to categorize the Zulu people of Africa, and had to put them in a certain group. It would be as Africans and that is even stretching the category. Africa is large continent and inhabits many different people, to label one group that lives on the continent and to think the physical and cultural adaptations would be similar, would be wrong.

Andean Indian

1)    Andean Indians live high on top of the Andes Mountains. The climate in the Andes Mountain is very interesting; it drastically changes throughout the regions. It encompasses tropical rain forests to very snowy regions. In the highest peak is in Argentina which is 22,834 ft. The region that Andean Indians inhabit the winter temperatures reach 52 degrees F and the summer averages 68 degrees F. The high altitudes keep the temperatures constantly cool and humidity fairly dry.

2)    The Andean Indians physically adapted to the high altitude by developing an ability to carry more oxygen in each red blood cell. They breathe at the same rate as people who live at sea level; Andeans have the ability to deliver oxygen throughout their bodies more effectively than people at sea level do.


3)     Coca leaves have been used by Andean Indians for years. The Andean Indian chew the Coca leaves to help combat altitude sickness and stomach aches. Coca leaves are used to make cocaine and hold much controversy for the people of the Andes. Recently there has been political pressure for these countries to make it illegal.



4)       To classify them as race would be very hard. If you were to loosely make any category for Andean Indians, it would be South American. It would be an extremely loose category.

 5)       To summarize both groups of people, The Zulu of South Africa and The Andean Indians. I think the more useful way to explain any population would be their adaptations. To categorize any group by their outward appearance would not work. You can have one group of people that look like each other but come from different places of the world. It would be impossible to categorize one and then apply it to the other. I think for Anthropologist it is much more effective to try to understand cultures through adaptations of environment. The method of visual categorization to classify a group of people seems to me that it would be an outdated practice and would not represent the pure research of any modern Anthropologist.

Sources: 
Zulu
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Zulu.aspx,
http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-234690,
http://www.southafrica.com/kwazulu-natal/climate/,

Andean Indians
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/andes_climate.htmttp://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/andes_climate.htm


Monday, April 9, 2012

Body Ritual of the Nacerima


                        

      Sadomasochism, Tradition, Devotion, Mysterious, and Superstitious describe the article "Body Ritual of the Nacerima", by Horace Miner.

   

          Sadomasochism with a broad brush basically represents someone who receives pleasure from acts of pain or humiliation. The Nacerima as a people completely reflect that thought to me. Within the article there are so many references of pain and humiliation and they are all interpreted to Nacremia as rituals for purity. It seemed as though the people as a whole have given all authority to medicine men, holy-mouth-men, and listeners, as the dominant partner to their submissive in rituals that reflect an S&M relationship. The author even makes this distinction when talking about The Nacerima going to see the holy-mouth-men twice a year. He states, “One has to watch the gleam in the eye of a holy-mouth-man, as he jabs an awl into an exposed nerve, to suspect that a certain amount of sadism is involves".

        Devotion is basically best described as profound dedication. The Nacermia throughout the whole article display extraordinary dedication. Even though the practices might not seem normal to us, it can never be said that the people are not dedicated. The people have a profound connection with their rituals. Every morning they have a daily body ritual and in that ritual they have a mouth rite. That is when they insert a small bundle of hog hairs, with some magical powders, into their mouths and start to move it around in highly formalized gestures.

       Tradition is apparently very important to The Nacerima. It takes great amount of duty to tradition to keep such rituals alive in our modern era. It appears that unlike all our modern religions the Nacerima have not diluted it with modern philosophies or sciences. The tradition of carrying out these rituals even though as stated in the article does not help anybody it does not seem to bother them in any way. The act of the ritual, regardless of result, is more important because it retains a certain identity for the people.

      Mysterious is the best way to describe The Nacerima. Even though there is a lot of information in this article about their rituals regarding the body and the mouth, the author makes it a point to state that there still a need for more research. Just within the general drive of a people in modern times to adhere to such rituals is a mystery. This was actually the first thing I had thought of when I read the article. Their rituals made me want to find out more about the people and there everyday duties.

      Superstition seems to be the ultimate driving force for The Nacerima. Everything mentioned in the article, from their waking moment until they go to sleep is based upon this. The people will endure such painful rituals, as with the holy-mouth-men, but yet continue to adhere to their leaders. The children fearing their temple is exactly the emotion any human would have if not fully raised within the culture. Yet even these fears take a back seat to superstition, the fear of offending some deity and having that deity punish you is more horrible than the physical pain of the rituals. After reading this article I realized that every culture has some type of superstition, from a lucky rabbit's foot to a lucky penny, but the level in which The Nacerima process borderlines obsession

Part B

As an American, I realized that my choice of words might sound very harsh when taking out the name "Nacirema" and replacing it with "America". I still think that my words would still be relevant to the description provided. What ever the name might be, I think what I wrote about a certain group of people was very accurate. It actually made me think that maybe this is how other people around the world might view Americans. I don't think my words surprised me. I think I was just surprised that how easily transferable to myself it was. My views definitely exhibited ethnocentrism. Initially when I was reading the description I couldn't help to imagine some far off indigenous place, and by doing so I automatically started comparing a certain way of life that I had imagined to my life in the United States. Reading my blog again I realized that my words are biased and certain words I used completely reflects that. I used terms like sadomasochism and superstitious, that looking back now is not the most unbiased view. I assumed that when I was writing I was talking about some culture that had not yet been civilized. If maybe I had taken the word superstitious out and had put "religiously observant" it would have been a better way to describe a group of people. This was a great experience for me. I did not realize how much unintentional biased I had to what seemed as though a different culture. It is very important to remain free of personal judgment when viewing another culture. Especially in the field of Anthropology, it is crucial to remain free of personal judgment. The positions that Anthropologist take on any culture will be read and studied by many people, it is very important to remain free of judgment. I don't think that its completely possible to eliminate your personal views on anything. It is however, easier when you are able to understand that you do have personal opinions on the things you witness and are able to distinguish between your views and unbiased research.